Logical Fallacies
Definition of a 'Fallacy'
A misconception resulting from flaw in reasoning, or a trick or illusion in thoughts that often succeeds in obfuscating facts/truth.
Formal
A formal fallacy is defined as an error that can be seen within the argument's form. Every formal fallacy is a non sequitur (or, an argument where the conclusion does not follow from the premise.)
Bad Reason Fallacy
Propositional Fallacies
Quantification Fallacies
Syllogistic FallaciesInformal
An informal fallacy refers to an argument whose proposed conclusion is not supported by the premises. This creates an unpersuasive or unsatisfying conclusion.
Ad Hominem*
Ambiguity*
Anecdotal*
Appeal to Authority*
Appeal to Emotion*
Appeal to Nature*
Appeal to Ridicule
Appeal to Tradition
Argument from Repetition
Argumentum ad Populum
Bandwagon*
Begging the Question*
Burden of Proof*
Circular Reasoning*
Continuum Fallacy
Equivocation*
Etymological Fallacy*
Fallacy Fallacy*
Fallacy of Composition and Division*
Fallacy of Quoting Out of Context
False Cause & False Attribution*
False Dilemma*
Furtive Fallacy
Gambler's Fallacy*
Genetic Fallacy*
Ignoratio Elenchi
Incomplete Comparison
Inflation of Conflict
Kettle Logic
Loaded Question*
Middle Ground*
No True Scotsman*
Personal Incredulity*
Proof by Verbosity
Proving Too Much
Red Herring*
Reification
Retrospective Determinism
Shotgun Argumentation
Slippery Slope*
Special Pleading*
Strawman*
Texas Sharpshooter*
Tu Quoque*What are Logical Fallacies?
Logical fallacies are errors in reasoning or argumentation that can undermine the validity of an argument. They are often used to mislead or distract from the truth, or to win an argument by appealing to emotions rather than reason. It's important to be aware of these fallacies in order to critically evaluate arguments and avoid being misled.
Books About Logical Fallacies
A few books to help you get a real handle on logical fallacies.
